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Advanced spatio-temporal electric load modeling and accurate spatio-temporal load forecast are essential to both short-term operation and long-term planning of power systems. This paper explores the spatio-temporal dependencies of electric load time series. The Southern California feeder load data show that feeders which are spatially close to each other share a more similar load pattern than those located further apart. This finding motivates us to develop the vector autoregressive model and the extended dynamic spatio-temporal model to emulate the spatio-temporal correlations of the real-world electric load time series. The testing results show that both models effectively capture the spatio-temporal patterns in the real-world electric load time series. Compared to the traditional vector autoregressive model, the proposed extended dynamic spatio-temporal model not only provides more accurate spatio-temporal electric load forecast but also obtains a parsimonious description of the high dimensional dataset. 

This paper develops a two-step procedure for commercial buildings to optimize the frequency regulation service provision by leveraging the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Both day-ahead and real-time operations of the HVAC system are simulated by using a typical commercial building's model, the PJM market prices, and dynamic regulation signals. The simulation results show that it is beneficial for buildings to provide dynamic regulation services where the capacity reserved for regulation up and down are the same. The mean reverting characteristic of the dynamic regulation signal enables commercial buildings to increase regulation capacity with minimal impact on the comfort level of occupants. The proposed frequency regulation provisioning scheme yields a high performance score (>0.9). The simulation results also reveal that there exists a trade-off between frequency regulation performance and climate control performance of the building. Finally, the economic benefits of frequency regulation provisions of commercial buildings are analyzed.